Fig. 1

Whole-body hyperthermia produces elevation of body and brain temperature. A Schematic timeline of the whole-body hyperthermia (WBH) protocol, starting at the −60 min point for habituation, ending at 240 min of WBH treatment and refined by a step-down period to slowly cool down the animals up to 300 min. B Body temperature time course (°C) over the five hours duration of the protocol, measured by subcutaneous temperature transponders. Data are shown as Mean ± SEM (n = 24 for each group) and are analysed by repeated measures two-way ANOVA (* vs. RT group; # vs. LPS. Bonferroni post hoc, p < 0.05 °C). C Real-time body and brain temperature (°C) over the five hours duration of the protocol. Brain temperature was monitored using brain-implanted thermocouples in a small subset of those animals monitored by subcutaneous transponders (n = 5 for LPS and 6 for other groups). Abbreviations: RT room temperature; LPS intraperitoneally injected lipopolysaccharide, 250 µg/kg; WBH whole-body hyperthermia