From: Prevalence of autism in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Univariate analyses | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Covariate | Categories of covariate | Number of studies | Odds ratio | 95%CI | P value | Variance explained (%) |
No covariates | Â | 18 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Year (continuous) |  | 18 | 1.04 | (0.93, 1.17) | 0.43 | −5.09 |
Year (categorical) | 2000 to 2004 | 5 | 1.00 | - | - | −10.92 |
2005 to 2009 | 6 | 1.13 | (0.42, 3.08) | 0.80 | Â | |
2010 to 2011 | 7 | 1.44 | (0.55, 3.77) | 0.43 | Â | |
Age group | <4 | 5 | 1.00 | - | - | 56.00 |
4 | 8 | 1.06 | (0.56, 2.02) | 0.84 | Â | |
>4 | 5 | 0.33 | (0.16, 0.68) | 0.005 | Â | |
Area | Urban | 9 | 1.00 | - | - | −8.40 |
Mixed or rural | 8 | 0.81 | (0.38, 1.75) | 0.57 | Â | |
Rural | 1 | 0.64 | (0.09, 4.37) | 0.62 | Â | |
Sample group | ≤5000 | 5 | 1.00 | - | - | 7.43 |
5000 to 7500 | 5 | 1.43 | (0.54, 3.80) | 0.44 | Â | |
>7500 | 8 | 0.74 | (0.30, 1.80) | 0.48 | Â | |
Sample source | Population-based | 13 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  | −0.19 |
Schools or kindergartens | 4 | 1.44 | (0.60, 3.48) | 0.39 | Â | |
Screening method | Interview | 15 | 1.00 | - | - | −0.89 |
Questionnaire | 2 | 1.64 | (0.54, 4.98) | 0.36 | Â | |
Screening tool | CABS | 12 | 1.00 | - | Â | 76.99 |
ABC | 3 | 0.21 | (0.11, 0.38) | <0.001 | Â | |
CHAT | 3 | 1.25 | (0.71, 2.20) | 0.42 | Â | |
Time | Once | 13 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  | −2.10 |
Twice | 4 | 1.40 | (0.60, 3.27) | 0.41 | Â | |
Screening informant | Clinician | 8 | 1.00 | - | - | −13.86 |
Parent | 3 | 0.93 | (0.31, 2.75) | 0.88 | Â | |
Research | 6 | 0.90 | (0.38, 2.10) | 0.79 | Â | |
Diagnostic criteria | CCMD-2-R | 5 | 1.00 | - | - | −5.34 |
DSM-III-R/DSM-IV/ICD-10 | 12 | 1.23 | (0.52, 2.87) | 0.62 | Â | |
Diagnostic tool | None | 6 | 1.00 | - | Â | 2.54 |
CABS | 11 | 1.51 | (0.71, 3.21) | 0.27 | Â | |
Diagnostic informant | Clinician | 13 | 1.00 | - | - | 8.19 |
Researcher | 4 | 0.47 | (0.19, 1.17) | 0.10 | Â | |
Multivariable analyses | ||||||
Age group | <4 | 5 | 1.00 | - | - | 80.7 |
4 | 8 | 1.61 | (0.68, 3.81) | 0.26 | ||
>4 | 5 | 1.03 | (0.34, 3.04) | 0.96 | ||
Screening tool | CABS | 12 | 1.00 | 1.00 | - | |
ABC | 3 | 0.29 | (0.12, 0.69) | 0.009 | ||
 | CHAT | 3 | 1.79 | (0.70, 4.55) | 0.20 |  |