Fig. 1

Modalities of social communication in mice. Socio-emotional interactions are mediated by cues of multiple modalities portrayed in the figure. These modalities include interactive cues between two (or more) conspecifics, such as anogenital sniffing, whisking, attack, and approach, olfactory cues, like body odor, pheromones, and urinary scent-marking, vocalization of low-, mid- and ultrasonic frequencies emitted in different contexts and visual cues displayed by another conspecific, including like facial expressions, tail rattling, freezing, paw scratching, grooming, and lordosis