Fig. 2

IGF-2 did not rescue or improve motor learning or social communication in Ube3a^mat−/pat+ rats. a On the third day of testing, Ube3a^mat−/pat+ (mat-/pat +) rats had significantly shorter latencies to fall off an accelerating rotarod compared to Ube3a^mat+/pat+ rats (mat+/pat+). b At PND 10, mat-/pat+ pups emitted fewer isolation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) than wildtype littermates, but IGF-2 had no effect on vocalization rates. c All groups showed behavioral inhibition (i.e., reduced locomotion) during playback of white noise compared to baseline. d During playback of pro-social 50-kHz USV, only the wildtype vehicle group, and not mat-/pat+ or IGF-2 treated rats, spent significantly more time on the arms proximal to the speaker compared to the distal arms (i.e., social approach). Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. n = 6–25 rats/group. A: *p < 0.05, mat-/pat+ vs. mat+/pat+, Sidak’s multiple comparisons following three-way ANOVA. b *p < 0.05, main effect of genotype, two-way ANOVA. c, d *p < 0.05, paired t-test with Holm-Sidak’s correction for multiple comparisons. ns, not significantly different, p > 0.05