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Fig. 2 | Molecular Autism

Fig. 2

From: Neuroglia in the autistic brain: evidence from a preclinical model

Fig. 2

Effect of prenatal VPA exposure on astrocytes in infancy. Analysis of the neurotrophin S100B and the GFAP in the PfC, Cb, and HPC of healthy- (open bars, Veh) and autistic-like (black bars, VPA) infant rats (PND 13). Representation of the relative concentration of S100B (a) and GFAP (c) in VPA animals compared to control (Veh), normalized to both TBP and HPRT (ΔΔCq; N = 3, in triplicate). Representative western blots for S100B (b) and GFAP (d) proteins, and densitometric analyses are normalized to β-actin used as loading control. Results are expressed as percentage of control (Veh) (N = 3, in triplicate). Representative fluorescence micrographs of GFAP (green) staining in the PfCGL and MLof Cb, and CA1, CA2, CA3, and the hilus of the DG of the HPC. Nuclei were stained with Hoechst (blue) (e). The images have been analyzed by counting the number of GFAP-positive cells in 2.4 × 105 μm3 (scale bar 50 μm; N = 3, 4 times) (f). All data are presented as means ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed by t test (*p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001 vs Veh group)

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