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Table 5 Summary of prevalence studies of autism spectrum disorders in Chinese populations between 2012 and 2016 (10 studies)

From: Autism prevalence in China is comparable to Western prevalence

Year

First author

Region

Sample size

Area

Age

Sample screened

Screen methods

Screen tools

Response rate

P/R

Diagnostic tools

Diagnostic criteria

Childhood autism prevalence/SE (per 10,000)

ASC prevalence/SE (per 10,000)

2012

Uncertain

Mainland

148,030

Ningxia

0–14

WP

R

ABCS

R

CARS

ICD-10

5.2

2013

Lai

Taiwan

4,004,997

Taiwan

3–17

WP

R

R

 

2014

Chen

Mainland

5500

Zhuhai

1.5–3

SG

Q

M-CHAT

90.9%

P

CARS

DSM-IV

29.5

2014

Deng

Mainland

4980

Henyang

3–6

K

Q

CABS

98.3%

P

CARS

DSM-IV

16.8

62.7

2015

Wang

Mainland

8000

Zaozhuang

2–6

K

Q

CABS

88.2%

P

CARS

DSM-V

66.3

2015

Jiang

Mainland

10,385

Shanghai

4–6

K

Q

CABS

93.1%

P

ADI-R

DSM-V

9.3

2015

Yang

Mainland

15,200

Shenzhen

4

K

Q

Q

91.2%

P

ABC

Uncertain (questionable autism 2.6%)

Uncertain

2015

Wang

Mainland

51,968

Shantou

3–6

WP

R

26.7

2015

Sun

Mainland

737

Beijing

6–10

WP

Q

CAST

97%

P

ADOS, ADI-R

DSM-IV

119

2016

Wang

Mainland

7463

Jilin

6–11

SG

Q

CAST

86.8%

P

CCMD-3

63.7

  1. –, data not available. Sample screened: C clinical patients, SG stratified general population, K kindergartens, WP whole population, PS primary schools, HS population in health system; screen methods: R records, QI questionnaire-based interview, C clinical referral, Q questionnaire distribution. ABC Autism Behaviour Checklist, CABS Clancy Autism Behavioural Scale, ASDASQ Autism Spectrum Disorder in Adults Screening Questionnaire, M-CHAT The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, CARS Childhood Autism Rating Scale, P perspective; R retrospective, CAST Childhood Autism Spectrum Test, ADOS Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, ADI-R Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision, DSM-V Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, ICD-10 International Classification of Disease-10th revision