Overall effect | Heterogeneity | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Medication | No. of studies | OR/HR (95% CI) | Z | P value | I2 (%) | P | Tau | |
Cohort studies | ||||||||
Pregnancy | Any antidepressant | 7 | 1.13 (0.93–1.39) | 1.22 | 0.224 | 61.4 | 0.016 | 0.0437 |
Any SSRI | 3 | 1.22 (0.83–1.79) | 0.99 | 0.320 | 64.7 | 0.059 | 0.0749 | |
First trimester | Any antidepressant | 5 | 1.01 (0.82–1.24) | 0.06 | 0.953 | 31.9 | 0.209 | 0.0174 |
Any SSRI | 3 | 1.04 (0.81–1.34) | 0.32 | 0.747 | 42.7 | 0.155 | 0.027 | |
Second and/or third trimester | Any antidepressant | 4 | 1.35 (0.96–1.90) | 1.75 | 0.080 | 46.4 | 0.133 | 0.0552 |
Any SSRI | 3 | 1.43 (0.84–2.42) | 1.32 | 0.187 | 71.6 | 0.030 | 0.1549 | |
Prepregnancy | Any antidepressant | 2 | 1.26 (0.91–1.74) | 1.40 | 0.160 | 67.1 | 0.081 | 0.0365 |
Any SSRI | 1 | 1.46 (1.17–1.81) | ||||||
Case-control studies | ||||||||
Pregnancy | Any antidepressant | 6 | 1.51 (1.15–1.99) | 3.00 | 0.003 | 44.6 | 0.108 | 0.0478 |
Any SSRI | 4 | 1.81 (1.46–2.23) | 5.50 | < 0.001 | 0.0 | 0.908 | < 0.0001 | |
First trimester | Any antidepressant | 5 | 1.69 (1.17–2.44) | 2.81 | 0.005 | 46.3 | 0.114 | 0.0756 |
Any SSRI | 2 | 2.08 (1.54–2.81) | 4.78 | < 0.001 | 7.2 | 0.340 | 0.0098 | |
Second trimester | Any antidepressant | 5 | 1.62 (1.22–2.16) | 3.31 | 0.001 | 8.6 | 0.358 | 0.0107 |
Any SSRI | 3 | 1.94 (1.41–2.68) | 4.04 | < 0.001 | 0.0 | 0.413 | < 0.0001 | |
Third trimester | Any antidepressant | 5 | 1.47 (0.88–2.44) | 1.48 | 0.140 | 60.0 | 0.040 | 0.1843 |
Any SSRI | 3 | 2.32 (1.63–3.30) | 4.68 | < 0.001 | 0.0 | 0.515 | < 0.0001 | |
Prepregnancy | Any antidepressant | 4 | 1.70 (1.43–2.02) | 6.04 | < 0.001 | 0.0 | 0.897 | < 0.0001 |
Any SSRI | 2 | 1.81 (1.43–2.29) | 4.92 | < 0.001 | 0.0 | 0.896 | < 0.0001 |