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Fig. 3 | Molecular Autism

Fig. 3

From: Prenatal levonorgestrel exposure induces autism-like behavior in offspring through ERβ suppression in the amygdala

Fig. 3

Prenatal levonorgestrel exposure induces ROS generation and DNA damage and dysfunction of mitochondria and fatty acid metabolism from the amygdala in male offspring (10 weeks old), while there is less of an effect in females. ah The amygdala tissues were isolated from 10-week-old male/female offspring for further analysis. a In vivo superoxide anion release, n = 6. b Quantitation of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) formation, n = 5. c 8-OHdG formation, n = 5. d Representative γH2AX western blotting band for both male (upper panel) and female (down panel) offspring. e Quantitation of γH2AX formation for d, n = 5. f Mitochondrial DNA copies, n = 4. g Intracellular ATP levels, n = 5. h The in vivo palmitate oxidation rate, n = 5. i The amygdala neurons were isolated from 10-week-old male/female offspring for in vitro 14C–OA fatty acid uptake, n = 5. *P < 0.05 vs. VEH group; P < 0.05 vs. LNG group. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM

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