Table 2 Sample characteristics

Age (years)

12.58 (3.42)

4–20

12.55 (3.55)

4–20

12.67 (3.07)

6–18

Ethnicity (non-Hispanic/Latino)

120 (81.6 %)

86 (79.6 %)

34 (87.2 %)

Race (White)

110 (74.8 %)

83 (76.9 %)

27 (69.2 %)

Non-verbal IQ (n = 117)

70.86 (29.16)

30–137

73.01 (29.84)

30–137

64.63 (25.56)

31–113

Expressive Communication Subscale (Vineland-2)

6.55 (3.92)

1–17

6.65 (4.05)

1–17

6.26 (3.53)

1–17

Adaptive Behavior Composite (Vineland-2) (n = 128)

55.57 (12.88)

27–96

55.33 (12.79)

27–96

56.27 (13.36)

29–78

ADOS-2 Module administered

 1

62 (42.2 %)

46 (42.6 %)

16 (41 %)

 2

15 (10.2 %)

9 (8.3 %)

6 (15.4 %)

 3

57 (38.8 %)

43 (39.8 %)

14 (35.9 %)

 4

13 (8.8 %)

10 (9.3 %)

3 (7.7 %)

ADOS-2 scores: Modules 1, 2, and 3 only (n = 134)

 Comparison score

7.47 (1.57)

4–10

7.52 (1.55)

4–10

7.36 (1.64)

4–10

 Social affect

13.44 (4.26)

2–20

13.4 (4.23)

2–20

13.56 (4.16)

5–20

 Restricted/repetitive behaviors

3.44 (2.12)

0–8

3.50 (2.11)

0–8

3.28 (2.16)

0–7

ADOS-2 scores: Module 4 only (n = 13)

 Social and communication

12.31 (3.40)

8–19

12.0 (2.87)

8–16

13.33 (5.51)

8–19

 Stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests

2.92 (3.23)

0–13

3.20 (3.55)

1–13

2.0 (2.0)

0–4

Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) Subscales

 Irritability

28.58 (8.6)

8–45

27.72 (8.5)

8–45

31.15 (8.2)

10–42

 Lethargy

15.98 (8.5)

1–44

15.99 (8.6)

1–44

15.94 (8.3)

1–39

 Stereotypy

8.98 (5.7)

0–20

8.62 (5.6)

0–20

10.06 (5.9)

2–20

 Hyperactivity

30.58 (10.2)

1–47

30.73 (10.4)

1–47

30.15 (9.7)

11–45

 Inappropriate speech

5.61 (3.8)

0–12

5.61 (3.8)

0–12

7.03 (3.6)

0–12

Self-injurious behavior (SIB) present

39 (26.5 %)

26 (24.1 %)

13 (33.3 %)

Repetitive Behavior Scale – Revised (RBS-R) – Self-Injury Subscale total score for subjects with SIB present (n = 39)

n = 39

n = 26

n = 13

Md = 11.0

Md = 9.0^a

Md = 15.0^a