Sex differences in the corpus callosum in preschool-aged children with autism spectrum disorder

Table 3 Estimated diagnosis and sex differences for diffusion measures

	Diagnosis differences by sex				Sex difference by diagnosis
	Males: ASD vs. TD		Females: ASD vs. TD		ASD: males vs. females		TD: males vs. females
	Estimate (SE)	P value	Estimate (SE)	P value	Estimate (SE)	P value	Estimate (SE)	P value
Diffusion parameter
Mean diffusivity (10⁻⁵ mm²/s)	−0.30 (0.88)	0.74	4.14 (1.41)	0.003	−3.51 (1.13)	0.002	0.92 (1.22)	0.45
Axial diffusivity (10⁻⁵ mm²/s)	−0.55 (1.01)	0.59	4.44 (1.62)	0.006	−3.09 (1.30)	0.02	1.90 (1.40)	0.17
Radial diffusivity (10⁻⁵ mm²/s)	−0.15 (0.99)	0.88	4.04 (1.58)	0.01	−3.76 (1.27)	0.003	0.42 (1.37)	0.76

Parameter estimates and standard errors are from the mixed-effects models assessing the relationship of diagnostic group, age, cortical projection zone subregions, and sex with diffusion measures. The reported models included fixed effects for scanner upgrade, diagnosis, sex, age, subregion, and the interactions between diagnosis and sex and between age and subregion. Random effects for person and region were included to account for the repeated measures. Models also included and tested other two-way interactions, but none were significant and were not retained in the reported model.

ISSN: 2040-2392